Everything You Must Know About Vaccinating Your Dog
Dog vaccinations play a critical role in protecting your dog from many dangerous and even fatal diseases. While state law requires all dogs to be vaccinated for rabies, many other vaccinations can protect your dog from serious diseases that are easily preventable.
At Plymouth Veterinary Hospital, we have spent years educating people about the benefits of dog vaccinations. This education includes what vaccines are necessary and how they should be scheduled. Over the years, we have been asked every question possible about dog vaccinations, and we have compiled some of the most frequently asked ones for you here. At your dog's next veterinary appointment, we will be happy to help you understand the vaccination recommendations for your dog.
What Are Dog Vaccines And Why Are They Important?
Vaccines help prepare a dog's immune system to defend itself from any invasion of disease-causing organisms. Vaccines contain antigens, which mimic disease-causing organisms in a dog's immune system, but don't cause disease. The purpose of puppy vaccines and dog vaccines is to stimulate the immune system by recognizing the antigens present mildly. This way, if a dog becomes exposed to the actual disease, its immune system will recognize it and, therefore, be prepared to fight it off or reduce its effects.
What Are The Core Dog Vaccinations?
Core puppy vaccinations and dog vaccinations are considered vital to all canines based on a universal risk of exposure, disease severity, the risk of transmission to other dogs and other animal species, including human beings.
The American Animal Hospital Association's Canine Task Force considers the following dog vaccinations to be Core:
- Canine Parvovirus
- Canine Distemper
- Hepatitis
- Rabies
Non-core - vaccines include
- Bordetella
- Canine Influenza (dog flu)
- Leptospirosis
- Lyme vaccine
Although these vaccines are not considered Core, they are essential for most dogs exposed to these infectious diseases. At your dog's next appointment, we will be happy to review which of the above make the most sense for your dog and make the appropriate recommendations.
Rabies vaccinations are required by law in most states, including California. Owners must periodically have their dogs and puppies vaccinated against rabies, but the specific time frames for puppy vaccinations and dog vaccinations vary by state. In Michigan, the puppy rabies vaccine is generally given at 16 weeks ( no earlier than week 15), and the rabies vaccination is good for one year. For adult dogs, the rabies vaccination is good for three years and should be addressed at the first visit for new patients. For example, a puppy would receive the rabies vaccine at 16 weeks, one year, and then again at age 4.
Are There Optional Dog Vaccines?
Although puppy vaccines and dog vaccinations are critical to your canine companion's overall health and wellness not, every puppy or dog needs to be vaccinated against every disease. Some canine vaccinations should only be administered depending upon factors including:
- Age
- Medical history
- Environment
- Travel habits
- Lifestyle
Therefore, we need to discuss the vaccination protocol that's right for your canine companion at your next appointment.
When To Start Puppy Vaccinations
In general, a puppy should start vaccines as soon as you get the puppy (this is usually between 6 and 8 weeks) and then every three weeks until approximately four months of age, when it will receive the final round. Generally, if the puppy's mother has a healthy immune system, it will most likely receive antibodies in the mother's milk while nursing. After a puppy has been weaned off of the mother's milk, vaccinations should begin.
Puppy Vaccination Schedule
We typically recommend the following vaccination schedule for puppies:
- 6-10 weeks: DHPP, Kennel Cough
- 11-14 weeks: DHPP, Leptospirosis, Canine Influenza, Lyme Disease
- 15-16: DHPP, Leptospirosis, Canine Influenza, Lyme Disease, Rabies
- Canine Influenza and Lyme disease vaccines are given depending on the lifestyle of the dog
* DHPP - distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, parainfluenza.
It is essential to stay current with your puppy vaccine schedule. Puppy vaccinations have been medically proven to combat many preventable diseases and illnesses that can occur without proper immunizations. Adhering to a puppy vaccine schedule is synonymous with responsible puppy care. Your puppy deserves every chance to be healthy and happy for life, and vaccinations play an essential role. Please don't risk your puppy contracting one of these terrible diseases when they are so easily preventable.
**Some puppies may need additional vaccinations against parvovirus after 15 weeks of age. Consult with the veterinarian at your next appointment.
Dog Vaccination Schedule
Once your puppy reaches adulthood and all of the core puppy vaccines have been administered, your veterinarian can begin implementing an adult dog vaccination schedule. A dog vaccination schedule consists of periodic adult boosters*, combinations of the same type of DHPP vaccine administered to puppies, along with several other additions.
When dogs come in for their first one-year visit, we recommend boostering their DHPP, Leptospirosis, and Rabies vaccines and Canine Influenza and Lyme if the dog's lifestyle requires these vaccines. If Kennel Cough (Bordetella) is due at this time, it should also be administered.
The Amount Of Time Each Vaccination Is Effective Is As Follows:
- DHPP - 3 years
- Rabies - 3 years
- Leptospirosis - 1 year
- Canine Influenza - 1 year
- Lyme Disease - 1 year
- Bordetella (Kennel Cough) - 6 months to 1 year
Side Effects And Risks Associated With Dog Vaccinations
The benefits of vaccinations far outweigh any risks. Adverse reactions to dog vaccines are rare. However, As with any medication or immunization protocol, puppy vaccinations and dog vaccinations can cause some side effects. We recommend that you have your puppy or dog vaccinated when you can monitor them after the vaccination.
If your dog does experience any reaction to vaccinations, symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Sluggishness
- Loss of appetite
- Facial or paw swelling and or hives
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Pain or swelling around the injection site
- Collapse, difficulty breathing, and seizures (anaphylactic shock)
Just as with human vaccines, mild symptoms can occur. The majority of reactions are mild and short-lived. If you suspect a more severe response to puppy vaccines or dog vaccines, such as facial swelling, vomiting, or lethargy, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.
Scheduling An Appointment For Dog Vaccinations
A puppy vaccination schedule should be established during your first veterinarian visit, which should occur within a week of receiving your new puppy. An adult dog vaccination schedule, including periodic booster immunizations, can be scheduled after the puppy vaccination schedule has been completed or immediately upon welcoming an adolescent or adult dog into your family.
As with any other immunization protocol, a dog vaccination schedule should be adhered to without deviation to ensure your canine companion remains healthy, happy, and well for the duration of his or her life. Please schedule an appointment for your canine companion to receive their vaccinations today.
Schedule An Appointment To Get Your Dog Vaccinated Today!